In a small bowl, add the salt, pepper, Herbes de Provence, paprika, garlic powder, and cayenne and mix until combined.
Place the chicken on a baking sheet remove any giblets and pat dry with a paper towel rub the olive oil all over the chicken.
Sprinkle the seasoning mixture all over making sure to get underneath the chicken. Place the seasoned chicken uncovered into the refrigerator for 6-24 hours.
Preheat your oven to 375 degrees
Add the chopped onions, carrots, baby potatoes, and garlic to the Dutch oven and pour the melted butter over the veggies and toss.
Remove the chicken from the fridge and add the rosemary and lemon slices into the cavity of the chicken. Tie the legs up with cooking twine if you prefer.
Place the seasoned chicken on top of the chopped veggies. Cover and bake for 30 minutes. Uncover and increase the temperature to 400 degrees and bake another 40-45 minutes. Or until the internal temperature reaches 165 degrees.
Remove the Dutch oven and let the chicken rest for 15 minutes before carving.
Notes
If you use a larger chicken you will need to increase the roasting time.
If you don't have a Dutch oven, any pot with a lid will work. Or even a roasting pan covered tightly with aluminum foil.